About

Clarithromycin, marketed as Claribid, is a macrolide antibiotic that exerts its antibacterial effect by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis. It achieves this by binding reversibly to the 50S ribosomal subunit of susceptible bacteria, thereby blocking the translocation step of protein synthesis. This mechanism of action provides a broad spectrum of activity against many Gram-positive bacteria, some Gram-negative organisms, and atypical pathogens such as *Mycoplasma pneumoniae* and *Chlamydia pneumoniae*. Clarithromycin is widely used for the treatment of various infections, including respiratory tract infections like bronchitis and pneumonia, skin and soft tissue infections, and as a key component in eradication regimens for *Helicobacter pylori* in peptic ulcer disease. Its efficacy and relatively good tolerability make it a valuable therapeutic option.

Uses

Treatment of respiratory tract infections.
Management of skin and soft tissue infections.
Eradication of *Helicobacter pylori*.
Treatment of mycobacterial infections.

Directions For Use

Take one tablet orally with or without food, usually once or twice daily, as prescribed. Do not crush or chew extended-release tablets.

Benefits

Broad spectrum of antibacterial activity.
Effective against atypical pathogens.
Good tissue penetration.
Convenient once or twice daily dosing.
Useful in *H. pylori* eradication regimens.
Generally well-tolerated.

Side Effects

Nausea.
Vomiting.
Diarrhea.
Abdominal pain.
Taste disturbance (metallic/bitter).
Headache.
Dizziness.
Rash.
QT prolongation (cardiac).
Liver enzyme elevation.
Candidiasis.
Hearing loss (reversible).

Safety Measures

Alcohol - No direct contraindication, but alcohol may exacerbate gastrointestinal side effects. Moderate intake is generally acceptable.
Pregnancy - Use only if clearly needed and benefits outweigh potential risks. Animal studies show some adverse effects, but human data is limited.
Breastfeeding - Excreted into breast milk. Use with caution; monitor infant for gastrointestinal disturbances or candidiasis.
Liver - Use with caution in patients with hepatic impairment; dosage adjustment may be necessary. Monitor liver function tests.
Kidney - Dosage adjustment is required in patients with severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance <30 mL/min).
Lung - No specific contraindications, but caution in patients with pre-existing cardiac conditions due to QT prolongation risk.

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