About
Bisoprolol is a highly selective beta-1 adrenergic receptor blocker, primarily used in the management of hypertension, angina pectoris, and chronic stable heart failure. It works by selectively blocking beta-1 receptors in the heart, leading to a reduction in heart rate, myocardial contractility, and cardiac output. This action results in decreased oxygen demand by the heart and a lowering of blood pressure. In heart failure, bisoprolol helps to improve cardiac function and reduce mortality by counteracting the detrimental effects of chronic sympathetic overactivity. Its high selectivity for beta-1 receptors means it has less impact on beta-2 receptors in the bronchi and peripheral vasculature, making it generally well-tolerated, even in patients with mild to moderate respiratory conditions.
Uses
- Treatment of essential hypertension.
- Management of chronic stable angina pectoris.
- Treatment of stable chronic heart failure with reduced systolic left ventricular function.
- Prevention of recurrent myocardial infarction.
Directions For Use
Take orally once daily, preferably in the morning, with or without food. Swallow the tablet whole with water.
Benefits
- Effectively lowers blood pressure.
- Reduces heart rate and improves cardiac efficiency.
- Decreases frequency and severity of angina attacks.
- Improves survival and reduces hospitalizations in heart failure.
- Generally well-tolerated due to high beta-1 selectivity.
- Provides sustained 24-hour effect with once-daily dosing.
Side Effects
- Bradycardia (slow heart rate)
- Fatigue
- Dizziness
- Headache
- Cold extremities
- Nausea
- Diarrhea or constipation
- Insomnia
- Depression
- Bronchospasm (rare, especially with high doses)
- Hypotension (low blood pressure)
- Peripheral edema
Safety Measures
- Alcohol - Alcohol can enhance the hypotensive and sedative effects of bisoprolol. It is advisable to limit or avoid alcohol consumption while on this medication.
- Pregnancy - Bisoprolol should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. It may cause fetal growth restriction, bradycardia, and hypoglycemia.
- Breastfeeding - Bisoprolol is excreted in human milk in small amounts. Caution should be exercised, and the infant should be monitored for signs of beta-blockade.
- Liver - Use with caution in patients with hepatic impairment, as bisoprolol is metabolized in the liver. Dosage adjustments may be necessary.
- Kidney - Use with caution in patients with renal impairment. Dosage adjustments may be required based on creatinine clearance.
- Lung - Bisoprolol is relatively cardioselective, but caution is advised in patients with severe obstructive airway diseases (e.g., severe asthma, COPD) as it can still cause bronchospasm, especially at higher doses.
Disclaimer
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