Metbleo 15IU Injection

About

Bleomycin is an antineoplastic antibiotic, a complex mixture of glycopeptides, widely utilized in the treatment of various cancers, including Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, germ cell tumors (e.g., testicular cancer), and squamous cell carcinomas. Its cytotoxic action is primarily mediated by its ability to induce single and double-strand breaks in DNA. This process involves bleomycin chelating metal ions, particularly iron, and in the presence of oxygen, forming a pseudoperoxidase complex that generates free radicals. These free radicals then cleave the phosphodiester backbone of DNA, leading to inhibition of DNA synthesis and subsequent cell cycle arrest in the G2 and M phases. A distinctive feature of bleomycin is its relatively low myelosuppressive effect compared to many other chemotherapeutic agents, making it valuable in combination regimens. However, it carries a notable and dose-limiting risk of pulmonary toxicity, including potentially fatal pulmonary fibrosis.

Uses

• Treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma.
• Treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
• Treatment of testicular cancer.
• Treatment of squamous cell carcinoma.

Directions For Use

Administered intravenously, intramuscularly, or subcutaneously, with dosing and frequency dependent on the specific cancer and regimen.

Benefits

• Effective against several types of cancer.
• Low myelosuppression compared to other agents.
• Part of curative regimens for germ cell tumors.
• Can be used in combination chemotherapy.
• Induces DNA damage in cancer cells.
• Well-established efficacy in specific malignancies.

Side Effects

• Pulmonary fibrosis (bleomycin lung)
• Skin hyperpigmentation
• Mucositis
• Fever and chills
• Anaphylactoid reactions
• Alopecia
• Nausea and vomiting
• Anorexia
• Raynaud's phenomenon
• Stomatitis
• Weight loss
• Injection site pain

Safety Measures

• Alcohol - No specific interaction, but general avoidance is prudent during chemotherapy.
• Pregnancy - Contraindicated in pregnancy due to teratogenicity; use effective contraception.
• Breastfeeding - Discontinue breastfeeding as bleomycin may be excreted in breast milk and harm the infant.
• Liver - Use with caution in patients with hepatic impairment; monitor liver function.
• Kidney - Dose adjustment is required for patients with renal impairment due to renal excretion.
• Lung - Contraindicated in patients with pre-existing lung disease; monitor closely for pulmonary toxicity (e.g., cough, dyspnea).

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