About

Methotrexate is a versatile antimetabolite and antifolate agent with broad applications in oncology, rheumatology, and dermatology. Its primary mechanism involves inhibiting dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), an enzyme crucial for the synthesis of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides, which are essential building blocks for DNA and RNA. By blocking DHFR, methotrexate depletes tetrahydrofolate, thereby interfering with cell proliferation and DNA repair. In high doses, it acts as a potent chemotherapeutic agent against various cancers, while in lower doses, it functions as an effective immunosuppressant and anti-inflammatory drug for autoimmune conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis. Its diverse therapeutic effects stem from its ability to selectively target rapidly dividing cells and modulate immune responses.

Uses

Treatment of various cancers (e.g., leukemia, lymphoma).
Management of severe rheumatoid arthritis.
Treatment of severe psoriasis.
Used in ectopic pregnancy.

Directions For Use

Administered by a healthcare professional via injection (intramuscular, intravenous, or subcutaneous) as per the prescribed schedule.

Benefits

Effective against a wide range of cancers.
Potent immunosuppressant for autoimmune diseases.
Reduces inflammation and disease activity.
Well-established and widely studied medication.
Can induce remission in certain conditions.
Available in various formulations for flexible use.

Side Effects

Nausea
Vomiting
Diarrhea
Stomatitis (mouth sores)
Hair loss (alopecia)
Fatigue
Myelosuppression (low blood counts)
Liver enzyme elevation
Kidney dysfunction
Skin rash
Headache
Photosensitivity

Safety Measures

Alcohol - Strictly avoid alcohol, as it significantly increases the risk of severe liver toxicity.
Pregnancy - Contraindicated; highly teratogenic and can cause severe fetal harm or death. Use effective contraception.
Breastfeeding - Contraindicated; excreted in breast milk and can cause serious adverse effects in the infant.
Liver - Contraindicated in severe liver disease; monitor liver function tests closely and regularly.
Kidney - Use with extreme caution and significant dose adjustment in kidney impairment, as it is primarily renally excreted and toxicity risk is high.
Lung - Monitor for potential pulmonary toxicity, including methotrexate-induced pneumonitis, which can be severe.

Disclaimer

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