About
Dapagliflozin is an oral antidiabetic drug from the SGLT2 inhibitor class, primarily used to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Its mechanism involves inhibiting the sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 in the kidneys, which leads to increased glucose excretion in the urine, thereby effectively lowering blood glucose levels. This insulin-independent action makes it a valuable option for patients.
Beyond its primary role in diabetes management, dapagliflozin has demonstrated significant cardiovascular and renal benefits. It reduces the risk of cardiovascular death and hospitalization for heart failure in adults with type 2 diabetes and established cardiovascular disease or multiple cardiovascular risk factors. Furthermore, it has been shown to slow the progression of chronic kidney disease in various patient populations, offering comprehensive protection. Its multifaceted benefits extend beyond glucose lowering, addressing critical comorbidities often associated with type 2 diabetes.
Uses
- Treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
- Reduction of risk of cardiovascular death and hospitalization for heart failure.
- Treatment of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.
- Treatment of chronic kidney disease in adults.
Directions For Use
Take orally once daily, with or without food, as directed by your physician.
Benefits
- Lowers blood glucose levels effectively.
- Reduces risk of major cardiovascular events.
- Slows progression of chronic kidney disease.
- Aids in weight reduction.
- Lowers blood pressure.
- Can be used as monotherapy or in combination.
Side Effects
- Genital yeast infections
- Urinary tract infections
- Increased urination
- Thirst
- Nausea
- Back pain
- Flu-like symptoms
- Dizziness
- Hypoglycemia (when used with insulin or sulfonylureas)
- Diabetic ketoacidosis (rare)
- Fournier's gangrene (very rare)
- Kidney problems (acute kidney injury)
Safety Measures
- Alcohol - Limit alcohol intake as it can increase the risk of hypoglycemia or ketoacidosis.
- Pregnancy - Not recommended during the second and third trimesters due to potential adverse effects on kidney development.
- Breastfeeding - Avoid use during breastfeeding as it is unknown if dapagliflozin is excreted in human milk.
- Liver - Generally safe, but use with caution in severe hepatic impairment; dose adjustment may be considered.
- Kidney - Not recommended for patients with severe renal impairment (eGFR <25 mL/min/1.73m²); monitor renal function.
- Lung - No specific contraindications or dose adjustments related to lung conditions.
Disclaimer
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Always consult your doctor for any medical concerns, and discuss your questions about health conditions or medications with a qualified healthcare professional. Do not ignore or delay seeking professional medical advice based on information found on Med E Hub.
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