GARDINAL 30MG 100

About

Phenobarbital is a barbiturate anticonvulsant and sedative-hypnotic primarily used in the management of various seizure disorders, particularly generalized tonic-clonic and partial seizures, as well as in the emergency control of status epilepticus. It exerts its therapeutic effects by enhancing the activity of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), an inhibitory neurotransmitter, at GABA-A receptors in the central nervous system. This action leads to increased chloride ion influx, hyperpolarization of neuronal membranes, and a reduction in neuronal excitability, thereby stabilizing electrical activity in the brain and raising the seizure threshold. Its long half-life allows for once-daily dosing in some cases, contributing to its utility in chronic seizure management. While effective, its use requires careful consideration due to its potential for significant central nervous system depression, cognitive impairment, and a range of drug interactions, necessitating close patient monitoring and dose adjustments to optimize therapeutic outcomes and minimize adverse effects.

Uses

• Management of generalized tonic-clonic seizures.
• Treatment of partial seizures.
• Emergency control of status epilepticus.
• Short-term treatment of insomnia.

Directions For Use

Take this medication orally as directed by your physician, usually once daily. Do not stop taking it abruptly without medical advice.

Benefits

• Effective in controlling various seizure types.
• Long-acting, allowing for less frequent dosing.
• Relatively inexpensive and widely available.
• Can be used in emergency seizure situations.
• Reduces neuronal hyperexcitability.
• Provides sedative effects when needed.

Side Effects

• Drowsiness
• Sedation
• Dizziness
• Ataxia
• Nystagmus
• Cognitive impairment
• Rash
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Respiratory depression
• Hypotension
• Paradoxical hyperactivity (in children)

Safety Measures

• Alcohol - Concurrent use of alcohol can significantly enhance the sedative effects of phenobarbital, leading to severe central nervous system depression, respiratory depression, and potentially coma. Avoid alcohol entirely.
• Pregnancy - Phenobarbital is associated with an increased risk of congenital malformations, including neural tube defects and cardiac anomalies. Use only if the potential benefit outweighs the risk, with folic acid supplementation.
• Breastfeeding - Phenobarbital is excreted into breast milk and can cause sedation, poor feeding, and withdrawal symptoms in the infant. Breastfeeding is generally not recommended or requires close infant monitoring.
• Liver - Use with caution in patients with hepatic impairment as phenobarbital is metabolized by the liver. Dose adjustments may be necessary to prevent accumulation and toxicity.
• Kidney - Use with caution in patients with renal impairment as a portion of phenobarbital is renally excreted. Dose adjustments may be required.
• Lung - Use with extreme caution in patients with respiratory depression or severe pulmonary disease due to its potential to exacerbate respiratory compromise.

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