About

This medication is a triple-combination oral antidiabetic agent indicated for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults. It combines glimepiride, a sulfonylurea, with metformin, a biguanide, and pioglitazone, a thiazolidinedione (TZD). Glimepiride stimulates insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells, thereby lowering blood glucose levels. Metformin primarily reduces hepatic glucose production and improves insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues. Pioglitazone works by activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) in adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and liver, leading to improved insulin sensitivity and reduced glucose production. This comprehensive approach targets multiple pathophysiological defects in type 2 diabetes.

Uses

Management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
As an adjunct to diet and exercise.
To improve glycemic control.
When dual therapy is insufficient.

Directions For Use

Take orally as directed by your physician, usually once or twice daily with meals to optimize absorption and reduce side effects.

Benefits

Significant reduction in HbA1c.
Improves insulin sensitivity.
Reduces hepatic glucose production.
Stimulates insulin secretion.
Sustained glycemic control.
Addresses multiple aspects of insulin resistance.

Side Effects

Hypoglycemia
Weight gain
Nausea and diarrhea
Abdominal discomfort
Headache
Dizziness
Fluid retention/edema
Upper respiratory tract infection
Bone fractures (rare)
Rarely, lactic acidosis
Rarely, heart failure exacerbation
Rarely, bladder cancer

Safety Measures

Alcohol - Avoid excessive alcohol intake due to increased risk of hypoglycemia with glimepiride and lactic acidosis with metformin.
Pregnancy - Not recommended during pregnancy; consult your doctor for alternative management.
Breastfeeding - Avoid during breastfeeding as components may pass into breast milk; seek medical advice.
Liver - Contraindicated in severe hepatic impairment; monitor liver function due to pioglitazone and metformin.
Kidney - Contraindicated in severe renal impairment; dose adjustment required for moderate impairment due to metformin and glimepiride.
Lung - Use with caution in patients with heart failure or pulmonary edema due to fluid retention risk with pioglitazone.

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