About
Doxorubicin liposomal is an anthracycline topoisomerase II inhibitor, a cytotoxic agent encapsulated in pegylated liposomes. This formulation allows for a prolonged circulation time and preferential accumulation in tumor tissues due to enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, thereby reducing systemic exposure and mitigating some of the severe toxicities associated with conventional doxorubicin, particularly cardiotoxicity and myelosuppression. It intercalates into DNA, inhibits topoisomerase II, and generates free radicals, leading to DNA damage and inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis, ultimately inducing apoptosis in rapidly dividing cancer cells. Its unique delivery system enhances its therapeutic index in various malignancies.
Uses
- Treatment of Kaposi's sarcoma in AIDS patients.
- Management of metastatic breast cancer.
- Treatment of ovarian cancer.
- Management of multiple myeloma.
Directions For Use
Administer intravenously by a healthcare professional, typically over 30-90 minutes, following specific dilution and infusion guidelines.
Benefits
- Reduced cardiotoxicity compared to conventional doxorubicin.
- Prolonged circulation time in the body.
- Preferential accumulation in tumor tissues.
- Effective against various solid tumors and hematologic malignancies.
- Lower incidence of myelosuppression.
- Improved safety profile for certain toxicities.
Side Effects
- Myelosuppression (neutropenia, thrombocytopenia)
- Hand-foot syndrome (palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia)
- Nausea and vomiting
- Stomatitis/mucositis
- Alopecia (hair loss)
- Fatigue
- Diarrhea
- Constipation
- Infusion-related reactions
- Cardiotoxicity (though reduced)
- Skin discoloration
- Anemia
Safety Measures
- Alcohol - Alcohol should be avoided during treatment as it may exacerbate gastrointestinal side effects and potentially interfere with liver metabolism of the drug.
- Pregnancy - This medication is contraindicated in pregnancy due to its genotoxic and teratogenic potential; effective contraception must be used during treatment.
- Breastfeeding - Breastfeeding is contraindicated during treatment and for a period after the last dose due to the potential for serious adverse effects on the infant.
- Liver - Dose adjustments are necessary for patients with hepatic impairment, and liver function should be closely monitored due to the drug's metabolism and excretion.
- Kidney - No specific dose adjustment is typically required for renal impairment, but caution is advised, and renal function should be monitored.
- Lung - While not a primary concern, patients with pre-existing lung conditions should be monitored for any signs of pulmonary toxicity, though rare with this formulation.
Disclaimer
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