DUPHALAC SYP* 450 ML

About

Lactulose is a synthetic disaccharide that functions as both an osmotic laxative and an ammonia-reducing agent. When ingested, it passes undigested into the colon, where it is fermented by colonic bacteria into low molecular weight organic acids, such as lactic and acetic acids. This fermentation process increases the osmotic pressure within the colon, drawing water into the intestinal lumen, which softens the stool and increases its bulk, thereby stimulating peristalsis and facilitating bowel movements. Furthermore, the acidic environment created by lactulose converts ammonia (NH3) into non-absorbable ammonium ions (NH4+). These ammonium ions are then trapped in the colon and subsequently excreted in the feces, effectively reducing systemic ammonia levels. This dual mechanism makes lactulose highly effective in managing chronic constipation and in the treatment and prevention of hepatic encephalopathy, a severe complication of liver disease.

Uses

• Treatment of chronic constipation
• Management of hepatic encephalopathy
• Softening of stools for easier passage
• Preparation for colonoscopy or surgery

Directions For Use

Take orally, usually once daily. It can be mixed with water, fruit juice, or milk. Drink plenty of fluids throughout the day.

Benefits

• Relieves chronic constipation
• Reduces ammonia levels in hepatic encephalopathy
• Softens hard stools
• Promotes regular bowel movements
• Generally well-tolerated
• Non-habit forming for constipation

Side Effects

• Bloating
• Flatulence
• Abdominal discomfort
• Cramping
• Diarrhea (with high doses)
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Electrolyte imbalance (prolonged high doses)
• Dehydration (prolonged high doses)
• Belching
• Stomach pain
• Rectal irritation

Safety Measures

• Alcohol - Alcohol does not directly interact with lactulose, but excessive alcohol consumption can contribute to dehydration, which may worsen constipation.
• Pregnancy - Lactulose is generally considered safe for use during pregnancy as it is minimally absorbed systemically. Consult your doctor before use.
• Breastfeeding - Lactulose is considered safe during breastfeeding as it is poorly absorbed and unlikely to pass into breast milk in significant amounts.
• Liver - Lactulose is frequently used to treat hepatic encephalopathy, a complication of severe liver disease, by reducing ammonia levels.
• Kidney - Use with caution in patients with severe kidney impairment, especially if electrolyte imbalances are a concern.
• Lung - No specific safety concerns regarding lung conditions are typically associated with lactulose.

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