Grafotas 25mg Capsule

About

Grafotas 25mg Capsule contains tacrolimus, a macrolide immunosuppressant that is highly effective in preventing organ rejection in transplant recipients. Its mechanism of action is similar to cyclosporine, involving the inhibition of calcineurin, a key enzyme in T-lymphocyte activation. Tacrolimus binds to an intracellular protein, FKBP-12, forming a complex that then inhibits calcineurin. This inhibition prevents the dephosphorylation of NF-AT, thereby blocking its translocation to the nucleus and the subsequent transcription of genes encoding pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-2. By suppressing the activation and proliferation of T-cells, tacrolimus significantly reduces the immune system's ability to mount an attack against the transplanted organ. This targeted immunosuppression is crucial for ensuring graft survival and improving long-term outcomes for patients undergoing organ transplantation, while also being used in certain severe autoimmune conditions.

Uses

• Prevention of organ rejection after transplantation
• Treatment of severe atopic dermatitis (off-label)
• Management of autoimmune hepatitis
• Treatment of myasthenia gravis (off-label)

Directions For Use

Take orally, usually twice daily, on an empty stomach, as prescribed by your physician.

Benefits

• Highly effective in preventing organ rejection
• Reduces the risk of graft loss
• Allows for lower concomitant steroid doses
• Manages certain severe autoimmune conditions
• Improves long-term patient outcomes
• Available in various strengths for precise dosing

Side Effects

• Nephrotoxicity (kidney damage)
• Neurotoxicity (e.g., tremor, headache)
• Hyperglycemia (high blood sugar)
• Hypertension (high blood pressure)
• Gastrointestinal disturbances (nausea, diarrhea)
• Increased risk of infections
• Hyperkalemia (high potassium levels)
• Insomnia
• Alopecia (hair loss)
• Cardiac arrhythmias
• Hepatotoxicity (liver damage)
• Anemia

Safety Measures

• Alcohol - Avoid or limit alcohol consumption due to potential for increased liver toxicity and other adverse effects.
• Pregnancy - Use only if clearly needed; potential risks to the fetus exist. Discuss thoroughly with your doctor.
• Breastfeeding - Not recommended as tacrolimus is excreted into breast milk and may harm the infant.
• Liver - Use with caution; dosage adjustment may be necessary in patients with impaired liver function due to altered metabolism.
• Kidney - Close monitoring of kidney function is essential due to the risk of nephrotoxicity; dosage adjustment may be required.
• Lung - Generally safe, but monitor for opportunistic infections, which can affect the lungs, due to immunosuppression.

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