About
Dapagliflozin is an oral antidiabetic medication belonging to the class of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, offering a distinct mechanism for managing type 2 diabetes mellitus. Its primary action involves blocking the reabsorption of glucose in the kidneys, specifically at the SGLT2 protein, which results in increased glucose excretion in the urine. This process effectively lowers blood glucose levels in an insulin-independent manner, making it a valuable therapeutic option. Beyond its potent glycemic control benefits, dapagliflozin has demonstrated significant and well-documented cardiovascular and renal protective effects. Clinical trials have shown its ability to reduce the risk of cardiovascular death and hospitalization for heart failure in adults with heart failure, and to slow the progression of chronic kidney disease in eligible patients, even those without diabetes. These broader benefits underscore its importance as a multifaceted agent in comprehensive metabolic, cardiovascular, and renal risk management.
Uses
- Treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
- To reduce the risk of cardiovascular death and hospitalization for heart failure in adults with heart failure.
- To reduce the risk of sustained eGFR decline, end-stage kidney disease, cardiovascular death, and hospitalization for heart failure in adults with chronic kidney disease.
- As an adjunct to diet and exercise.
Directions For Use
Take orally once daily in the morning, with or without food.
Benefits
- Lowers blood glucose levels.
- Reduces HbA1c.
- Promotes weight loss.
- Lowers blood pressure.
- Reduces risk of heart failure hospitalization.
- Slows progression of kidney disease.
Side Effects
- Genital yeast infections
- Urinary tract infections (UTIs)
- Increased urination
- Thirst
- Hypotension (low blood pressure)
- Dizziness
- Ketoacidosis (rare but serious)
- Kidney problems (acute kidney injury)
- Back pain
- Nausea
- Flu-like symptoms
- Hypoglycemia (when used with insulin or sulfonylureas)
Safety Measures
- Alcohol - Limit alcohol intake as it can increase the risk of hypoglycemia and ketoacidosis.
- Pregnancy - Not recommended during the second and third trimesters due to potential renal effects on the fetus.
- Breastfeeding - Not recommended due to potential for serious adverse reactions in the infant and unknown excretion into breast milk.
- Liver - Generally safe; no dose adjustment needed for mild to moderate hepatic impairment.
- Kidney - Not recommended for patients with severe renal impairment (eGFR <25 mL/min/1.73 m²); monitor kidney function.
- Lung - No specific contraindications or precautions related to lung conditions.
Disclaimer
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Always consult your doctor for any medical concerns, and discuss your questions about health conditions or medications with a qualified healthcare professional. Do not ignore or delay seeking professional medical advice based on information found on Med E Hub.
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