About
Empagliflozin is a highly selective sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor. It works by blocking the reabsorption of glucose in the kidneys, leading to increased glucose excretion in the urine. This mechanism results in a reduction in blood glucose levels, independent of insulin secretion or action. Beyond its glucose-lowering effects, empagliflozin has demonstrated significant cardiovascular benefits, including a reduction in the risk of cardiovascular death, heart failure hospitalization, and progression of kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. It is also approved for the treatment of heart failure with reduced or preserved ejection fraction and chronic kidney disease, regardless of diabetes status. Its multifaceted benefits make it a crucial therapeutic option for comprehensive management of these interconnected conditions.
Uses
- Management of type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults.
- To reduce the risk of cardiovascular death in adults with type 2 diabetes and established cardiovascular disease.
- Treatment of heart failure with reduced or preserved ejection fraction.
- Treatment of chronic kidney disease to reduce the risk of kidney disease progression.
Directions For Use
Take one tablet orally once daily, with or without food, as directed by your physician.
Benefits
- Effectively lowers blood glucose levels.
- Reduces risk of cardiovascular death and hospitalization for heart failure.
- Slows the progression of chronic kidney disease.
- May lead to modest weight loss.
- Low risk of hypoglycemia when used alone.
- Convenient once-daily dosing.
Side Effects
- Urinary tract infections
- Genital yeast infections
- Increased urination
- Thirst
- Nausea
- Constipation
- Dizziness
- Hypotension (especially in dehydrated patients)
- Ketoacidosis (rare, but serious)
- Fournier's gangrene (very rare)
- Kidney problems (acute kidney injury)
- Serious allergic reactions
Safety Measures
- Alcohol - Moderate alcohol intake is generally acceptable. Excessive consumption may increase the risk of dehydration and potential for ketoacidosis. Consult your doctor.
- Pregnancy - Not recommended during pregnancy, especially during the second and third trimesters. Consult your doctor immediately if you become pregnant.
- Breastfeeding - It is unknown if empagliflozin passes into breast milk. Avoid during breastfeeding or consult your doctor for advice.
- Liver - Use with caution in patients with hepatic impairment. No dose adjustment is typically needed for mild to moderate impairment.
- Kidney - Dose adjustment may be required based on kidney function. Not recommended in severe renal impairment or end-stage renal disease.
- Lung - Generally safe for use in patients with lung conditions. No specific contraindications related to lung function.
Disclaimer
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Always consult your doctor for any medical concerns, and discuss your questions about health conditions or medications with a qualified healthcare professional. Do not ignore or delay seeking professional medical advice based on information found on Med E Hub.
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