About
Metformin is an oral antihyperglycemic agent belonging to the biguanide class, widely used for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Its primary mechanism of action involves reducing hepatic glucose production, decreasing glucose absorption from the intestines, and enhancing insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues, thereby improving glucose uptake and utilization. Unlike some other antidiabetic medications, metformin does not typically stimulate insulin secretion, which means it rarely causes hypoglycemia when used alone.
It is often recommended as a first-line pharmacological treatment, particularly for individuals who are overweight or obese, due to its potential for weight neutrality or modest weight loss and favorable effects on lipid profiles. It plays a crucial role in preventing diabetes-related complications and improving overall metabolic health.
Uses
- Treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
- Improvement of blood sugar control.
- Reduction of insulin resistance.
- Used alongside diet and exercise.
Directions For Use
Take orally with meals, usually two to three times daily, as prescribed by your doctor. Swallow the tablet whole.
Benefits
- Effectively lowers elevated blood glucose.
- Generally does not cause weight gain.
- May help improve cholesterol levels.
- Reduces risk of diabetes-related complications.
- Can be used alone or with other drugs.
- Well-established safety and efficacy profile.
Side Effects
- Diarrhea
- Nausea
- Abdominal cramps
- Vomiting
- Metallic taste
- Loss of appetite
- Bloating
- Headache
- Dizziness
- Fatigue
- Vitamin B12 deficiency
- Lactic acidosis (rare)
Safety Measures
- Alcohol - Excessive alcohol consumption should be avoided as it significantly increases the risk of lactic acidosis, a severe complication associated with metformin.
- Pregnancy - Consult a doctor. While some studies support its use, insulin is generally the preferred treatment for diabetes during pregnancy. Discuss risks and benefits.
- Breastfeeding - Considered compatible with breastfeeding. Only small amounts are excreted into breast milk, and adverse effects on infants are not expected.
- Liver - Contraindicated in severe liver disease due to an increased risk of lactic acidosis. Use with extreme caution in any degree of hepatic impairment.
- Kidney - Contraindicated in severe renal impairment (eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73m²). Dose adjustments are crucial for moderate impairment to prevent drug accumulation.
- Lung - Patients with severe acute or chronic lung conditions that cause hypoxia should use metformin with caution, as hypoxia can predispose to lactic acidosis.
Disclaimer
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Always consult your doctor for any medical concerns, and discuss your questions about health conditions or medications with a qualified healthcare professional. Do not ignore or delay seeking professional medical advice based on information found on Med E Hub.
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