About
Telmisartan is an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) widely used for the treatment of essential hypertension and for cardiovascular risk reduction in high-risk patients. Its primary mechanism of action involves selectively blocking the AT1 receptor, which prevents angiotensin II from binding and exerting its potent vasoconstrictive and aldosterone-secreting effects. This blockade leads to systemic vasodilation, reduced sodium and water retention, and a subsequent decrease in blood pressure. Telmisartan is characterized by its long duration of action, allowing for convenient once-daily dosing, and its high affinity for the AT1 receptor. Its proven efficacy in reducing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients at high risk for cardiovascular events, such as those with a history of stroke, myocardial infarction, or diabetes with end-organ damage, makes it a valuable therapeutic option.
Uses
- Treatment of essential hypertension.
- Reduction of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in high-risk patients.
- Prevention of stroke and myocardial infarction.
- Management of diabetic nephropathy (off-label in some regions).
Directions For Use
Take this medication orally, usually once daily, with or without food, as directed by your physician.
Benefits
- Effectively lowers high blood pressure.
- Provides sustained blood pressure control with once-daily dosing.
- Reduces the risk of cardiovascular events in high-risk individuals.
- Well-tolerated with a low incidence of cough compared to ACE inhibitors.
- Offers renoprotective effects in some patient populations.
- Can be used alone or in combination with other antihypertensives.
Side Effects
- Dizziness
- Headache
- Fatigue
- Hypotension
- Nausea
- Diarrhea
- Back pain
- Upper respiratory tract infection
- Hyperkalemia
- Renal impairment
- Angioedema (rare)
- Rash
Safety Measures
- Alcohol - Alcohol may enhance the blood pressure-lowering effect of telmisartan, potentially leading to dizziness or fainting. Use with caution.
- Pregnancy - Contraindicated during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy due to fetal toxicity. Discontinue immediately if pregnancy is detected.
- Breastfeeding - Not recommended during breastfeeding as it is unknown if telmisartan passes into breast milk. A doctor should assess the risk-benefit.
- Liver - Use with caution in patients with hepatic impairment, as telmisartan is extensively metabolized by the liver. Dosage adjustment may be necessary.
- Kidney - Use with caution in patients with severe renal impairment or renal artery stenosis. Monitor kidney function and potassium levels closely.
- Lung - Generally safe for use in patients with lung conditions, as it does not directly affect respiratory function.
Disclaimer
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