About
Metoprolol is a widely prescribed cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic receptor blocker, essential in the therapeutic management of a range of cardiovascular conditions. Its primary mechanism of action involves selectively blocking beta-1 receptors, predominantly located in the heart. This blockade results in a reduction in heart rate, decreased myocardial contractility, and a lowering of blood pressure. Consequently, metoprolol effectively diminishes the heart's workload and oxygen demand, making it highly efficacious in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, and various cardiac arrhythmias.
Furthermore, metoprolol is instrumental in improving long-term survival following a myocardial infarction and in the chronic management of stable symptomatic heart failure. Its cardioselectivity, particularly at lower doses, generally confers a more favorable side effect profile concerning respiratory function compared to non-selective beta-blockers, enhancing its utility in a broader patient population.
Uses
- Treatment of hypertension (high blood pressure).
- Management of angina pectoris (chest pain).
- Treatment of stable symptomatic chronic heart failure.
- Prevention of recurrent myocardial infarction.
Directions For Use
Take orally, usually once or twice daily, with or immediately after meals, as prescribed by your doctor.
Benefits
- Lowers blood pressure effectively.
- Reduces heart rate and workload.
- Alleviates angina symptoms.
- Improves survival after heart attack.
- Manages certain heart rhythm disorders.
- Reduces symptoms of chronic heart failure.
Side Effects
- Fatigue
- Dizziness
- Bradycardia (slow heart rate)
- Hypotension (low blood pressure)
- Nausea
- Diarrhea or constipation
- Cold hands and feet
- Shortness of breath (especially in susceptible individuals)
- Insomnia or vivid dreams
- Depression
- Erectile dysfunction
- Masking of hypoglycemia symptoms
Safety Measures
- Alcohol - Avoid excessive alcohol, as it can enhance the hypotensive effect and cause dizziness.
- Pregnancy - Use with caution; crosses the placenta and may cause fetal bradycardia or growth restriction.
- Breastfeeding - Generally considered safe, but monitor infant for signs of beta-blockade (e.g., bradycardia).
- Liver - Use with caution in severe hepatic impairment; dose adjustment may be necessary due to reduced metabolism.
- Kidney - No dose adjustment typically needed for renal impairment, but monitor patients with severe dysfunction.
- Lung - Use with caution in patients with asthma or severe COPD, as it may exacerbate bronchospasm, even with cardioselective agents.
Disclaimer
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Always consult your doctor for any medical concerns, and discuss your questions about health conditions or medications with a qualified healthcare professional. Do not ignore or delay seeking professional medical advice based on information found on Med E Hub.
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