About
Dapagliflozin is a sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor indicated for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, and chronic kidney disease. It works by selectively inhibiting SGLT2 in the renal tubules, which significantly reduces glucose reabsorption and increases urinary glucose excretion, thereby lowering blood glucose levels independently of insulin. This unique mechanism also leads to osmotic diuresis, contributing to modest blood pressure reduction and weight loss. Beyond its primary role in glycemic control, dapagliflozin has demonstrated significant cardiovascular and renal protective benefits in clinical trials, making it a valuable therapeutic agent for patients with or at high risk of these complications. It is typically used as an adjunct to diet and exercise.
Uses
- Management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
- Treatment of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.
- Management of chronic kidney disease.
- Adjunct to diet and exercise.
Directions For Use
Take this medicine orally, once daily in the morning, with or without food, as prescribed by your doctor.
Swallow the tablet whole with water; do not crush or chew.
Benefits
- Effectively lowers blood glucose levels.
- Provides cardiovascular protection.
- Offers renal protective benefits.
- Promotes modest weight loss.
- Lowers blood pressure.
- Low risk of hypoglycemia when used alone.
Side Effects
- Genital yeast infections (vulvovaginal candidiasis)
- Urinary tract infections
- Increased urination
- Thirst
- Back pain
- Nausea
- Dizziness
- Hypotension (especially in susceptible patients)
- Diabetic ketoacidosis (rare but serious)
- Fournier's gangrene (very rare but serious)
- Kidney problems (acute kidney injury)
- Increased cholesterol levels
Safety Measures
- Alcohol - Moderate alcohol consumption is generally acceptable, but excessive intake may increase the risk of dehydration or ketoacidosis.
- Pregnancy - Not recommended during the second and third trimesters due to potential adverse effects on fetal kidney development.
- Breastfeeding - Not recommended during breastfeeding as it is unknown if dapagliflozin is excreted in human milk and could pose risks to the infant.
- Liver - No dose adjustment is typically needed for mild to moderate hepatic impairment; use with caution in severe impairment.
- Kidney - Not recommended for initiation in patients with eGFR <25 mL/min/1.73m² for glycemic control; dose adjustment may be needed.
- Lung - Generally considered safe for use in patients with lung conditions; no specific contraindications related to pulmonary function.
Disclaimer
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Always consult your doctor for any medical concerns, and discuss your questions about health conditions or medications with a qualified healthcare professional. Do not ignore or delay seeking professional medical advice based on information found on Med E Hub.
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