About
Hydroxyurea is an antineoplastic agent primarily used in the treatment of myeloproliferative disorders and certain cancers. It functions as a ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor, thereby preventing the conversion of ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides. This action depletes the intracellular pool of deoxyribonucleotides, which are essential for DNA synthesis and repair. Consequently, hydroxyurea inhibits DNA replication and causes cell cycle arrest in the S-phase, leading to its cytotoxic and cytoreductive effects. It is particularly effective in conditions characterized by excessive cell proliferation.
Beyond its antineoplastic role, hydroxyurea is also recognized for its ability to increase fetal hemoglobin (HbF) levels, making it a crucial therapeutic option for sickle cell disease. By elevating HbF, it reduces the polymerization of sickle hemoglobin, thereby decreasing the frequency of painful crises and acute chest syndrome, and improving overall quality of life for affected individuals. Its oral administration makes it a convenient long-term treatment option, though careful monitoring for hematological toxicities is essential.
Uses
- Treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML).
- Management of essential thrombocythemia.
- Therapy for polycythemia vera.
- Reduction of painful crises in sickle cell disease.
Directions For Use
Take orally with water, usually once daily. Dosage is individualized based on the condition and patient response.
Benefits
- Reduces elevated white blood cell and platelet counts.
- Increases fetal hemoglobin levels in sickle cell disease.
- Decreases frequency of painful crises in sickle cell disease.
- Oral administration for convenient long-term therapy.
- Effective in controlling myeloproliferative disorders.
- Can improve quality of life for sickle cell patients.
Side Effects
- Myelosuppression (leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia)
- Macrocytosis
- Nausea and vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Stomatitis
- Skin hyperpigmentation
- Skin ulcers (especially leg ulcers)
- Alopecia
- Fever
- Dermatological reactions
- Headache
- Dizziness
Safety Measures
- Alcohol - Avoid excessive alcohol consumption as it may exacerbate gastrointestinal side effects or liver toxicity.
- Pregnancy - Contraindicated in pregnancy due to teratogenic potential. Use effective contraception during and after treatment.
- Breastfeeding - Not recommended during breastfeeding as it is excreted into breast milk and may harm the infant.
- Liver - Use with caution in patients with hepatic impairment; monitor liver function tests regularly.
- Kidney - Dose adjustment is necessary in patients with renal impairment due to significant renal excretion.
- Lung - Rarely, interstitial lung disease or pulmonary fibrosis can occur; monitor for new or worsening respiratory symptoms.
Disclaimer
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