About
Losartan is an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) primarily used in the management of hypertension. It works by selectively blocking the binding of angiotensin II to the AT1 receptor, which is responsible for vasoconstriction and aldosterone secretion. By inhibiting these effects, losartan causes vasodilation, reduces fluid retention, and consequently lowers blood pressure. This mechanism makes it an effective treatment for high blood pressure, often preferred for patients who experience a cough with ACE inhibitors.
Beyond its role in hypertension, losartan is also indicated for reducing the risk of stroke in patients with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy. Furthermore, it is prescribed for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes and a history of hypertension, demonstrating significant renoprotective effects. It helps to slow the progression of kidney disease in this vulnerable population, making it a valuable therapeutic option.
Uses
- Treatment of essential hypertension.
- Reduction of stroke risk in hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy.
- Management of diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes.
- Treatment of heart failure (specific indications).
Directions For Use
Take orally, usually once daily, with or without food, as prescribed by your doctor.
Swallow the tablet whole; do not crush, chew, or break it.
Benefits
- Effectively lowers high blood pressure.
- Reduces risk of stroke in specific patients.
- Protects kidneys in diabetic nephropathy.
- Well-tolerated, especially for ACE inhibitor cough.
- Convenient once-daily dosing.
- Improves cardiovascular outcomes.
Side Effects
- Dizziness
- Fatigue
- Hypotension (low blood pressure)
- Hyperkalemia (high potassium levels)
- Renal dysfunction (worsening kidney function)
- Upper respiratory tract infection
- Cough (less common than with ACE inhibitors)
- Diarrhea
- Back pain
- Muscle cramps
- Angioedema (rare, swelling of face/throat)
- Rash
Safety Measures
- Alcohol - Alcohol can further lower blood pressure, increasing the risk of dizziness or fainting. Use with caution and discuss with your doctor.
- Pregnancy - Contraindicated during the second and third trimesters due to risk of fetal injury and death. Avoid use during pregnancy.
- Breastfeeding - Not recommended during breastfeeding as it may pass into breast milk and potentially harm the infant. Consult your doctor.
- Liver - Use with caution in patients with hepatic impairment, as dosage adjustments may be necessary.
- Kidney - Use with caution in patients with renal impairment; monitor kidney function closely, especially in those with severe impairment or renal artery stenosis.
- Lung - Generally safe for patients with lung conditions. Unlike ACE inhibitors, it rarely causes cough.
Disclaimer
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