About
Gliclazide is an oral hypoglycemic agent belonging to the second-generation sulfonylurea class, primarily used in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Its main mechanism of action involves stimulating the pancreatic beta cells to secrete insulin, particularly in response to elevated blood glucose levels. This insulinotropic effect helps to lower both fasting and post-prandial blood sugar. Gliclazide also possesses extrapancreatic effects, including improving peripheral insulin sensitivity and potentially having antioxidant properties, which may contribute to its overall efficacy and protective effects against vascular complications.
The extended-release (XR) formulation is designed to provide a sustained release of the active ingredient, ensuring consistent blood glucose control throughout the day with once-daily dosing, thereby improving patient adherence. It is typically prescribed when diet, exercise, and weight reduction alone are insufficient to achieve adequate glycemic control, and can be used as monotherapy or in combination with other antidiabetic agents.
Uses
- Treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
- To improve glycemic control.
- When diet, exercise, and weight reduction are insufficient.
- As monotherapy or in combination with other antidiabetic agents.
Directions For Use
Take once daily, preferably with breakfast. Swallow the tablet whole; do not crush or chew.
Benefits
- Effective in lowering blood glucose.
- Provides sustained glycemic control (XR formulation).
- Reduces risk of microvascular complications.
- May have antioxidant properties.
- Convenient once-daily dosing (XR).
- Well-established safety profile.
Side Effects
- Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar)
- Gastrointestinal disturbances (nausea, diarrhea)
- Abdominal pain
- Headache
- Dizziness
- Skin rash
- Pruritus (itching)
- Urticaria (hives)
- Weight gain
- Liver enzyme elevation (rare)
- Blood dyscrasias (very rare)
- Allergic reactions
Safety Measures
- Alcohol - Avoid excessive alcohol consumption as it can increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
- Pregnancy - Generally not recommended during pregnancy; insulin is usually preferred. Consult a doctor.
- Breastfeeding - Not recommended during breastfeeding as it may pass into breast milk and cause hypoglycemia in the infant.
- Liver - Use with caution in patients with liver impairment; may increase risk of hypoglycemia.
- Kidney - Use with caution in patients with kidney impairment; dose adjustment may be necessary to avoid hypoglycemia.
- Lung - No specific contraindications related to lung conditions, but general caution applies in severe illness.
Disclaimer
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