About

Carboplatin is a platinum-based antineoplastic agent widely used in chemotherapy for various solid tumors. It functions by forming DNA adducts, which interfere with DNA replication and transcription, ultimately leading to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in rapidly dividing cancer cells. This mechanism of action is similar to cisplatin but with a different toxicity profile, notably less nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity, but more myelosuppression.

Carboplatin is typically administered intravenously, often as part of a combination regimen, and its dosage is frequently calculated using the Calvert formula, which considers the patient's renal function and target area under the curve (AUC). It is a cornerstone in the treatment of ovarian and lung cancers, among others.

Uses

Treatment of ovarian cancer.
Management of non-small cell lung cancer.
Used in head and neck cancers.
Treatment of small cell lung cancer.

Directions For Use

Administer intravenously under the supervision of an oncologist. Dosage is calculated based on renal function and target AUC.

Benefits

Effective against a broad range of solid tumors.
Less nephrotoxic than cisplatin.
Can be used in combination with other chemotherapies.
Induces tumor cell apoptosis.
Helps control disease progression.
Improves survival in specific cancer types.

Side Effects

Myelosuppression (thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, anemia)
Nausea
Vomiting
Fatigue
Peripheral neuropathy (less common than cisplatin)
Ototoxicity (hearing loss)
Allergic reactions
Hair thinning
Electrolyte disturbances
Diarrhea
Constipation
Mucositis

Safety Measures

Alcohol - Avoid alcohol during treatment as it may exacerbate nausea, fatigue, or liver toxicity.
Pregnancy - Highly contraindicated due to severe teratogenic effects. Effective contraception is essential.
Breastfeeding - Contraindicated. Discontinue breastfeeding during treatment and for a period afterward.
Liver - Use with caution; monitor liver function tests regularly. Dosage adjustments may be needed in severe impairment.
Kidney - Dosage must be carefully adjusted based on creatinine clearance; close monitoring of renal function is critical.
Lung - Monitor for pulmonary toxicity, though less common than with other platinum agents, it can occur.

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