About
This medication is a fixed-dose combination of Sitagliptin and Metformin, specifically formulated for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, works by increasing the levels of incretin hormones, which enhance glucose-dependent insulin secretion and reduce glucagon secretion. Metformin, a biguanide, primarily acts by decreasing hepatic glucose production, reducing intestinal absorption of glucose, and improving insulin sensitivity by increasing peripheral glucose uptake and utilization. The synergistic action of these two agents addresses multiple pathophysiological defects in type 2 diabetes, providing comprehensive and robust glycemic control. This combination is particularly beneficial for patients who have not achieved adequate glycemic targets with monotherapy or who require a multi-faceted approach to manage their blood sugar levels effectively.
Uses
- Management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
- As an adjunct to diet and exercise.
- When monotherapy with Metformin or Sitagliptin is insufficient.
- To improve glycemic control in adults.
Directions For Use
Take this combination medication orally, usually twice daily with meals, as prescribed by your doctor to minimize gastrointestinal side effects.
Benefits
- Provides comprehensive blood glucose control.
- Targets multiple pathways of glucose regulation.
- Often leads to significant HbA1c reduction.
- May contribute to modest weight loss (due to Metformin).
- Lower risk of hypoglycemia compared to some other agents.
- Convenient fixed-dose combination.
Side Effects
- Nausea
- Diarrhea
- Abdominal pain
- Vomiting
- Metallic taste
- Headache
- Upper respiratory tract infection
- Nasopharyngitis
- Lactic acidosis (rare, but serious with Metformin)
- Vitamin B12 deficiency (long-term Metformin use)
- Joint pain
- Hypoglycemia (especially with other agents)
Safety Measures
- Alcohol - Avoid excessive alcohol intake, as it can increase the risk of lactic acidosis, a rare but serious side effect of Metformin.
- Pregnancy - Generally not recommended during pregnancy. Insulin is often preferred for glycemic control in pregnant women with diabetes. Consult a doctor.
- Breastfeeding - Both components are excreted in breast milk. A decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or the drug, considering the importance of the drug to the mother.
- Liver - Metformin is contraindicated in severe hepatic impairment due to increased risk of lactic acidosis. Sitagliptin may require caution.
- Kidney - Metformin is contraindicated in severe renal impairment (eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73m²) due to lactic acidosis risk. Sitagliptin dose adjustment is also needed.
- Lung - Use with caution in conditions causing hypoxia (e.g., severe acute heart failure, respiratory failure) as these can increase lactic acidosis risk.
Disclaimer
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Always consult your doctor for any medical concerns, and discuss your questions about health conditions or medications with a qualified healthcare professional. Do not ignore or delay seeking professional medical advice based on information found on Med E Hub.
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