About
Carfilzomib is a selective and irreversible proteasome inhibitor, primarily utilized in the treatment of multiple myeloma, a plasma cell malignancy. Its mechanism of action involves binding to and inhibiting the chymotrypsin-like activity of the 20S proteasome, a crucial multi-enzyme complex responsible for degrading ubiquitinated proteins within the cell. By blocking this essential cellular machinery, carfilzomib causes an accumulation of misfolded and ubiquitinated proteins, leading to significant endoplasmic reticulum stress and the activation of pro-apoptotic pathways. This ultimately results in the programmed cell death of malignant plasma cells, which are particularly sensitive to proteasome inhibition. Carfilzomib's targeted action helps to overcome resistance mechanisms to other therapies and significantly improves outcomes in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma, often used in combination with other anti-myeloma agents to enhance its therapeutic efficacy.
Uses
- Relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma
- Multiple myeloma in combination with other agents
- Patients who have received 1-3 prior lines of therapy
- Patients who have received at least one prior therapy
Directions For Use
Administer intravenously as an infusion over 10-30 minutes, typically on specific days of a 28-day cycle, as directed by your oncologist.
Benefits
- High response rates in multiple myeloma
- Effective in relapsed/refractory cases
- Improves progression-free survival
- Targeted mechanism of action
- Can be used in combination therapy
- Overcomes resistance to other agents
Side Effects
- Fatigue
- Nausea
- Diarrhea
- Fever
- Dyspnea
- Hypertension
- Anemia
- Thrombocytopenia
- Neutropenia
- Cardiac events (heart failure, arrhythmia)
- Renal toxicity
- Peripheral neuropathy
Safety Measures
- Alcohol - Avoid or limit alcohol consumption, as it may exacerbate fatigue or liver-related side effects.
- Pregnancy - Contraindicated during pregnancy due to potential for severe fetal harm. Effective contraception must be used.
- Breastfeeding - Not recommended during breastfeeding as it is unknown if Carfilzomib is excreted in human milk, but potential for serious adverse reactions in infants exists.
- Liver - Use with caution in patients with hepatic impairment; dose adjustments may be necessary, and liver function should be monitored closely.
- Kidney - Use with caution in patients with renal impairment; dose adjustments may be required, and renal function should be monitored closely.
- Lung - Cases of pulmonary hypertension, dyspnea, and acute respiratory distress syndrome have been reported; monitor for new or worsening respiratory symptoms.
Disclaimer
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