About
Sitagliptin is an oral dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor prescribed for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. It functions by inhibiting the enzyme DPP-4, which is responsible for the degradation of incretin hormones, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). By preserving these incretins, sitagliptin enhances glucose-dependent insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells and suppresses glucagon secretion from alpha cells. This mechanism helps to normalize both fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels, thereby improving overall glycemic control. It is used as an adjunct to diet and exercise, either as monotherapy or in combination with other antidiabetic agents, to help patients achieve and maintain their glycemic targets effectively.
Uses
- Treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
- Improvement of glycemic control.
- Used as monotherapy or in combination therapy.
- Reduction of elevated HbA1c levels.
Directions For Use
Take one tablet orally once daily, with or without food, as prescribed by your physician.
Benefits
- Effective in lowering blood glucose.
- Low risk of hypoglycemia as monotherapy.
- Does not cause weight gain.
- Convenient once-daily dosing.
- Improves both fasting and post-meal glucose.
- Generally well-tolerated.
Side Effects
- Nasopharyngitis
- Headache
- Upper respiratory tract infection
- Diarrhea
- Nausea
- Abdominal pain
- Joint pain
- Hypoglycemia (when combined with insulin or sulfonylureas)
- Pancreatitis (rare)
- Allergic reactions (e.g., rash, urticaria)
- Angioedema (rare)
- Stevens-Johnson syndrome (very rare)
Safety Measures
- Alcohol - Moderate alcohol consumption is generally acceptable. Avoid excessive intake as it may influence blood glucose levels.
- Pregnancy - Use during pregnancy is generally not recommended unless the potential benefits clearly outweigh the risks. Consult your doctor.
- Breastfeeding - Sitagliptin is excreted in breast milk. Consult a doctor to discuss the risks and benefits for the infant.
- Liver - No dose adjustment is typically required for mild to moderate hepatic impairment. Use with caution in severe impairment.
- Kidney - Dose adjustment is necessary for patients with moderate to severe renal impairment (eGFR <45 mL/min/1.73m²).
- Lung - Generally considered safe for patients with pre-existing lung conditions. No specific pulmonary precautions.
Disclaimer
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