About
Sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, works by enhancing the body's natural ability to lower elevated blood glucose levels. It achieves this by preserving incretin hormones, which in turn stimulate insulin release from pancreatic beta cells and decrease glucagon secretion from alpha cells in a glucose-dependent manner. Metformin, a biguanide, complements this action by primarily reducing hepatic glucose production, decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose, and improving insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues. This extended-release combination therapy provides a synergistic and sustained approach to managing type 2 diabetes mellitus, offering comprehensive glycemic control with the convenience of once-daily dosing. It is used as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve blood sugar regulation, reduce HbA1c levels, and help patients achieve their glycemic targets effectively.
Uses
- Management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
- Improvement of glycemic control.
- Used as an adjunct to diet and exercise.
- Reduction of HbA1c levels.
Directions For Use
Take as directed by your physician, usually once daily with a meal to reduce gastrointestinal side effects. Swallow the extended-release tablet whole; do not crush, chew, or break it.
Benefits
- Comprehensive glycemic control.
- Reduced risk of hypoglycemia compared to some other agents.
- Weight-neutral or modest weight loss.
- Improved insulin sensitivity.
- Convenient once-daily dosing (ER).
- Dual mechanism of action.
Side Effects
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Abdominal pain
- Headache
- Upper respiratory tract infection
- Nasopharyngitis
- Hypoglycemia (especially with other agents)
- Lactic acidosis (rare, but serious with metformin)
- Vitamin B12 deficiency (long-term metformin use)
- Pancreatitis (rare, with sitagliptin)
- Joint pain
Safety Measures
- Alcohol - Avoid excessive alcohol consumption as it may increase the risk of lactic acidosis, a serious side effect of metformin.
- Pregnancy - Generally not recommended during pregnancy unless clearly necessary. Consult a doctor to weigh benefits against potential risks.
- Breastfeeding - Metformin is excreted in breast milk; sitagliptin also. Consult a doctor to assess risks and benefits for the infant.
- Liver - Use with caution in patients with liver impairment due to increased risk of lactic acidosis with metformin. Regular monitoring may be required.
- Kidney - Contraindicated in severe renal impairment (eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73m²). Dose adjustment is necessary for moderate impairment.
- Lung - Generally safe for lung conditions, but severe respiratory failure can increase lactic acidosis risk.
Disclaimer
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Always consult your doctor for any medical concerns, and discuss your questions about health conditions or medications with a qualified healthcare professional. Do not ignore or delay seeking professional medical advice based on information found on Med E Hub.
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