About
Vildagliptin is an oral antidiabetic medication belonging to the class of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, used for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. It works by enhancing the body's natural ability to control blood glucose levels. Vildagliptin achieves this by inhibiting the enzyme DPP-4, which is responsible for the degradation of incretin hormones, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). By preserving these incretin hormones, vildagliptin increases insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells and suppresses glucagon secretion from pancreatic alpha cells, both in a glucose-dependent manner. This mechanism helps to reduce both fasting and post-meal blood glucose concentrations without a high risk of hypoglycemia. It is often used as monotherapy or in combination with other antidiabetic agents when diet and exercise alone are insufficient.
Uses
- Management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
- As an adjunct to diet and exercise.
- To improve glycemic control in adults.
- When metformin is contraindicated or not tolerated.
Directions For Use
Take orally once daily, with or without food, as directed by your physician. Swallow the tablet whole.
Benefits
- Effective reduction in blood glucose levels.
- Low risk of hypoglycemia.
- Weight neutral effect.
- Improves both fasting and post-meal glucose.
- Enhances natural insulin secretion.
- Well-tolerated in most patients.
Side Effects
- Nasopharyngitis
- Headache
- Dizziness
- Peripheral edema
- Constipation
- Cough
- Arthralgia
- Fatigue
- Hypoglycemia (when combined with sulfonylurea/insulin)
- Pancreatitis (rare)
- Liver enzyme elevation (rare)
- Skin reactions
Safety Measures
- Alcohol - No specific direct interaction, but excessive alcohol can affect blood sugar control. Moderate consumption is generally advised.
- Pregnancy - Generally not recommended during pregnancy due to insufficient data. Insulin therapy is usually preferred. Consult your doctor.
- Breastfeeding - Vildagliptin may pass into breast milk. Not recommended during breastfeeding. Consult your doctor.
- Liver - Not recommended in patients with liver impairment (ALT or AST >3x ULN) due to potential for liver enzyme elevation. Monitor liver function.
- Kidney - Dose adjustment is required for moderate to severe kidney impairment (eGFR <50 mL/min/1.73m²). Use with caution.
- Lung - No specific direct contraindication for lung conditions. However, severe respiratory illness may impact overall health and diabetes management.
Disclaimer
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Always consult your doctor for any medical concerns, and discuss your questions about health conditions or medications with a qualified healthcare professional. Do not ignore or delay seeking professional medical advice based on information found on Med E Hub.
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