About
Dapagliflozin is a highly selective sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, playing a pivotal role in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus, heart failure, and chronic kidney disease. Its primary mechanism involves blocking the SGLT2 protein in the renal tubules, which is responsible for reabsorbing approximately 90% of filtered glucose back into the bloodstream. By inhibiting SGLT2, dapagliflozin promotes increased urinary glucose excretion, thereby lowering blood glucose levels independently of insulin. Beyond its glycemic control effects, clinical trials have demonstrated significant cardiovascular and renal protective benefits, including a reduction in the risk of cardiovascular death, hospitalization for heart failure, and progression of chronic kidney disease. This multifaceted action makes dapagliflozin a valuable therapeutic agent for improving outcomes in a broad spectrum of patients with these interconnected conditions.
Uses
- Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (as an adjunct to diet and exercise)
- Heart Failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF)
- Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
- To reduce the risk of cardiovascular death and hospitalization for heart failure in adults with HFrEF.
Directions For Use
Take one tablet orally once daily in the morning, with or without food, as prescribed by your doctor.
Benefits
- Lowers blood glucose levels
- Reduces HbA1c
- Promotes weight loss
- Lowers blood pressure
- Reduces risk of heart failure hospitalization
- Slows progression of kidney disease
Side Effects
- Genital mycotic infections (e.g., vulvovaginal candidiasis)
- Urinary tract infections
- Increased urination
- Thirst
- Hypotension (especially in elderly or those on diuretics)
- Diabetic ketoacidosis (rare)
- Kidney problems (acute kidney injury)
- Back pain
- Nausea
- Dyslipidemia
- Hypoglycemia (when used with insulin/sulfonylureas)
- Fournier's gangrene (very rare)
Safety Measures
- Alcohol - Limit alcohol intake as it can increase the risk of hypoglycemia, especially when combined with other diabetes medications, and may contribute to dehydration.
- Pregnancy - Not recommended during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy due to potential adverse effects on fetal kidney development.
- Breastfeeding - Not recommended during breastfeeding as it is unknown if dapagliflozin is excreted in human milk and could harm the infant.
- Liver - No dose adjustment is generally required for mild to moderate hepatic impairment. Use with caution in severe hepatic impairment.
- Kidney - Contraindicated in patients with severe renal impairment (eGFR <25 mL/min/1.73 m²) or end-stage renal disease, or on dialysis. Dose adjustment may be needed based on eGFR.
- Lung - No specific lung-related safety concerns are typically associated with dapagliflozin.
Disclaimer
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Always consult your doctor for any medical concerns, and discuss your questions about health conditions or medications with a qualified healthcare professional. Do not ignore or delay seeking professional medical advice based on information found on Med E Hub.
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