Temodal 20mg Capsule

About

Temodal 20mg Capsule contains temozolomide, an oral alkylating agent primarily utilized in the management of specific brain tumors, notably glioblastoma multiforme and anaplastic astrocytoma. This medication functions as a prodrug, which is spontaneously converted in the body to its active metabolite, MTIC. MTIC exerts its therapeutic effect by methylating DNA, predominantly at the O6 position of guanine. This methylation causes DNA damage, leading to mispairing during DNA replication and subsequent activation of DNA repair pathways. When these repair mechanisms fail, it ultimately triggers cell cycle arrest and programmed cell death (apoptosis) in rapidly proliferating cancer cells. Its lipophilic nature allows it to readily penetrate the blood-brain barrier, a critical feature that enables its efficacy against central nervous system malignancies, where many other chemotherapeutic agents struggle to reach therapeutic concentrations.

Uses

• Newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme
• Refractory anaplastic astrocytoma
• Other high-grade gliomas
• Certain neuroendocrine tumors (off-label)

Directions For Use

Take orally on an empty stomach, preferably at bedtime, to minimize nausea. Swallow capsules whole with water.

Benefits

• Improves overall survival in glioblastoma
• Effective against brain tumors
• Oral administration for patient convenience
• Can be combined with radiation therapy
• Reduces tumor burden
• Delays disease progression

Side Effects

• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Fatigue
• Headache
• Constipation
• Myelosuppression (low blood counts)
• Hair loss (alopecia)
• Anorexia
• Rash
• Diarrhea
• Dizziness

Safety Measures

• Alcohol - Alcohol consumption should be limited or avoided as it may exacerbate gastrointestinal side effects and fatigue.
• Pregnancy - Temodal is contraindicated in pregnancy due to its teratogenic potential; women must use highly effective contraception.
• Breastfeeding - It is not recommended during breastfeeding due to the potential for serious adverse reactions in the infant.
• Liver - Use with caution in patients with severe hepatic impairment; regular monitoring of liver function tests is advised.
• Kidney - No specific dose adjustment is typically required for mild to moderate renal impairment, but close monitoring is recommended in severe cases.
• Lung - Patients should be monitored for signs of pulmonary toxicity, such as interstitial pneumonitis, though rare.

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