CARBOPHAGE XR 500 TAB

About

CARBOPHAGE XR 500 TAB delivers Metformin hydrochloride in an advanced extended-release formulation, making it a cornerstone oral antihyperglycemic agent for the long-term management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metformin's multifaceted mechanism of action primarily involves a significant reduction in hepatic glucose production (gluconeogenesis), a decrease in intestinal glucose absorption, and a crucial improvement in insulin sensitivity within peripheral tissues. This allows the body's endogenous insulin to function more efficiently. The extended-release design offers distinct advantages, including the convenience of once-daily dosing, which often enhances patient adherence, and a reduced incidence of gastrointestinal side effects compared to immediate-release formulations.

Importantly, metformin does not directly stimulate insulin secretion, thereby conferring a lower risk of inducing hypoglycemia when administered as monotherapy, making it a preferred initial treatment for many individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Uses

• Management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
• Improvement of glycemic control.
• Reduction of hepatic glucose production.
• Enhancement of insulin sensitivity.

Directions For Use

Take once daily with the evening meal, or as directed by your physician. Swallow the tablet whole; do not crush or chew.

Benefits

• Effectively lowers blood sugar levels.
• Low risk of hypoglycemia when used alone.
• May promote modest weight loss.
• Improves insulin resistance.
• Reduces cardiovascular risk in some patients.
• Convenient once-daily dosing.

Side Effects

• Diarrhea
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Abdominal discomfort
• Metallic taste in mouth
• Flatulence
• Loss of appetite
• Headache
• Dizziness
• Weakness
• Lactic acidosis (rare, serious)
• Vitamin B12 deficiency (long-term use)

Safety Measures

• Alcohol - Avoid excessive alcohol consumption as it can increase the risk of lactic acidosis and hypoglycemia, especially with metformin.
• Pregnancy - Generally not recommended during pregnancy; insulin is usually preferred. Consult a doctor immediately if pregnant or planning pregnancy.
• Breastfeeding - Not recommended during breastfeeding as metformin can pass into breast milk. Consult a doctor.
• Liver - Use with extreme caution or avoid in patients with severe liver impairment due to increased risk of lactic acidosis.
• Kidney - Contraindicated in patients with severe kidney impairment (eGFR <30 mL/min) due to increased risk of lactic acidosis. Dosage adjustment needed for moderate impairment.
• Lung - Use with caution in severe lung conditions that may lead to hypoxia, as this can increase the risk of lactic acidosis.

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