About
Metformin is an oral antihyperglycemic agent in the biguanide class, primarily used in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. It works by decreasing hepatic glucose production, decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose, and improving insulin sensitivity by increasing peripheral glucose uptake and utilization. Unlike sulfonylureas, metformin does not typically cause hypoglycemia when used as monotherapy.
The sustained-release (SR) formulation allows for once-daily dosing, improving patient adherence and providing more stable drug levels throughout the day. It is often a first-line treatment, especially in overweight and obese patients, due to its beneficial effects on weight and lipid profiles, making it a cornerstone in diabetes management.
Uses
- Management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
- Improvement of glycemic control.
- Reduction of insulin resistance.
- Adjunct to diet and exercise.
Directions For Use
Take orally as directed by your physician, usually once daily with the evening meal. Do not crush or chew the tablet.
Benefits
- Effectively lowers blood glucose levels.
- Does not typically cause weight gain.
- May improve lipid profiles.
- Reduces risk of cardiovascular events in some patients.
- Can be used as monotherapy or in combination.
- Sustained-release formulation for convenience.
Side Effects
- Nausea
- Diarrhea
- Abdominal discomfort
- Vomiting
- Metallic taste in mouth
- Anorexia
- Flatulence
- Headache
- Dizziness
- Weakness
- Vitamin B12 deficiency
- Lactic acidosis (rare but serious)
Safety Measures
- Alcohol - Avoid excessive alcohol intake as it can increase the risk of lactic acidosis, a rare but serious side effect of metformin.
- Pregnancy - Consult a doctor. Metformin may be used in pregnancy if the benefits outweigh the risks, particularly for gestational diabetes or PCOS, but insulin is often preferred.
- Breastfeeding - Generally considered safe. Small amounts pass into breast milk, but adverse effects on breastfed infants are unlikely. Consult a healthcare provider.
- Liver - Use with caution in patients with impaired liver function as it can increase the risk of lactic acidosis. Not recommended in severe hepatic impairment.
- Kidney - Contraindicated in severe renal impairment (eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73m²). Dose adjustment is required for moderate impairment due to increased risk of lactic acidosis.
- Lung - No specific contraindication for lung conditions, but severe acute or chronic lung disease leading to hypoxia can increase lactic acidosis risk.
Disclaimer
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Always consult your doctor for any medical concerns, and discuss your questions about health conditions or medications with a qualified healthcare professional. Do not ignore or delay seeking professional medical advice based on information found on Med E Hub.
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