About
Sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, works by enhancing the body's natural ability to lower elevated blood glucose levels. It achieves this by preserving incretin hormones, which in turn stimulate insulin release from pancreatic beta cells and decrease glucagon secretion from alpha cells in a glucose-dependent manner. Dapagliflozin, a sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, complements this action by reducing glucose reabsorption in the kidneys, leading to increased urinary glucose excretion. This combination therapy provides a synergistic approach to managing type 2 diabetes, addressing different pathophysiological pathways to improve glycemic control. It also offers additional benefits related to cardiovascular and renal health, making it a comprehensive treatment option for eligible patients.
Uses
- Treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
- Improvement of glycemic control.
- Reduction of risk of cardiovascular death and hospitalization for heart failure in certain patients.
- Reduction of risk of kidney disease progression in certain patients.
Directions For Use
Take orally once daily in the morning, with or without food, as prescribed by your doctor.
Benefits
- Dual mechanism for comprehensive glucose lowering.
- Potential for weight reduction.
- Cardiovascular benefits (reduced heart failure risk).
- Renal protective effects.
- Low risk of hypoglycemia when used alone.
- Convenient once-daily dosing.
Side Effects
- Urinary tract infections (UTIs)
- Genital yeast infections
- Increased urination
- Dehydration
- Dizziness
- Hypotension
- Nasopharyngitis
- Headache
- Back pain
- Ketoacidosis (rare, but serious with SGLT2 inhibitors)
- Fournier's gangrene (very rare)
- Pancreatitis (rare, with sitagliptin)
Safety Measures
- Alcohol - Moderate alcohol intake is generally acceptable, but excessive consumption may increase the risk of dehydration or ketoacidosis.
- Pregnancy - Not recommended during the second and third trimesters due to potential adverse effects on fetal kidney development. Consult a doctor.
- Breastfeeding - Not recommended due to potential for adverse effects on the infant. Consult a doctor for alternatives.
- Liver - Use with caution in patients with severe hepatic impairment. No dose adjustment typically needed for mild to moderate impairment.
- Kidney - Not recommended for patients with severe renal impairment (eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73m²). Dose adjustment may be needed for moderate impairment.
- Lung - Generally safe for lung conditions. No specific precautions related to lung function.
Disclaimer
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Always consult your doctor for any medical concerns, and discuss your questions about health conditions or medications with a qualified healthcare professional. Do not ignore or delay seeking professional medical advice based on information found on Med E Hub.
Our goal is to complement, not replace, the essential doctor-patient relationship.
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